Organizational Commitment Essay Example for Free

Organizational Commitment EssayThe focal point of effective compassionate resource worry (HRM) is on managing people inside the employer-employee relationship. As banks ar considered a very censorious industry of the economy, it is important that the practiceforces supporting these banks be well motivated and argon effective in delivering the obligatory work output. It acknowledges the productive utilization of employees to achieve the organizations business objectives and satisfy individual employee needs (Stone, 1998). HRM seeks to strategically combine the interests of an organization and its employees (McGraw, 2003). Consequently, ineffective HRM can be a major barrier to employee pleasure and organization mastery (McGraw, 2003). HRM practices in the banking industry play a key role in attracting, motivating, rewarding, and retaining employees. HRM practices include recruiting employees, selecting employees, designing work, compensating employees, and developing g ood labor and employee relations (Noe, 2005). For the purpose of this study, the researcher bundled five specific benignant resource management practices.These are HR planning, training, career development, motion appraisal, and employee participation programs. The researcher chose to bundle HRM practices since bundled HRM practices promote inter link up and complimentary functions. For example, training and development, and performance appraisal overlap each former(a)s results. The appraisal of an employees performance will show potentials and identify gaps in employees knowledge, skills, and abilities that will be filled in by training and development.Furthermore, the alignment of HR practices produce synergy contributing to increase productivity and corporate monetary performance (Huselid, 1995). Bundled HRM practices contribute to overall firm performance by motivating employees to adopt desired attitudes and behaviors (Bowen Ostroff, 2004). Moreover, Chang (2005) argues t hat employees sensed HR practice as an exclusive and single practice rather than separate and diverse fields. concord to Fishbeins (1963) an individuals overall attitudes towards each HRM practices can be represented by a summation of the belief held about each HR practices.It is important to study HRM practices and its relationship with work related attitudes, and behaviors. Attitude is a mental state of readiness that is organized through experience, applying a dynamic play on the individuals response to objects and situations to which it is related such as hypothecate satisfaction and organisational trust. (Allport, 1935). On the early(a) hand, behaviors are manners in which an individual or group conduct and respond to his/her environment uniform Organizational Citizenship Behaviors or OCBs ( Robbins, 2005).Employee perception of organizational banking practices and working conditions within the banks of Jamaica influence employee attitudes and behavior (Guest, 2001). Exis ting organizational practices within banks in Jamaica such as HRM should facilitate the development of desired employee attitudes and behavior that contribute to lift firm performance. preceding(prenominal) studies ready found that positive perceptions of HRM practices lead to positive employee attitudes and behaviors such as business enterprise satisfaction (Guest, 1999), organizational trust, organizational lading, organizational justice (Greenberg, 1990).Job satisfaction, organizational trust and OCBs were the variables selected to be canvas in relation with HRM practices as these lead elements are key factors in organizational effectiveness and these variables are considered understudied. These facets affect and overlap each others functions and outputs that contribute to the development of HRM practices. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature by examining a wide breadth of outcome measures within the same study.The study extends HRM literature in three ways . First, it provides additional research in the examining the role of HRM practices to employee attitudes and behaviors since there are limited studies in HRM conceptualized as a bundle (Chang, 2005 Guest, 2004 Huselid 1995). Second, it examines the proposition of Morrison (1996) on the role of HRM practices in contributing to extra-role behaviors. An examination of HRM literature revealed that there has no study conducted investigating HRM to organizational citizenship behaviors.Third, it in like manner simultaneously examines HRM, trouble satisfaction, organizational trust, and OCBs in one study. Previous studies have examined these variables separately. For example, Ellickson (2002) and Bradley, Petrescu, and Simmons (2004) conducted the study on HRM practices to labor satisfaction, Tzafrir (2004) examined HRM practices to organizational trust. Furthermore, since there are limited studies on HRM practices within the banking industry this would contribute to the importance of H RM practices in the management organization.Review of Related Literature Human choice Management Practices HRM contribute to the attainment of an organizations competitive advantage through the strategic implementation of a exceedingly committed and fitting workforce using an integrated range of cultural, structural, and personnel techniques. Effective HRM leads to an organization success by developing employees that contributes to the delivery of products and services bring customer satisfaction, business results, and shareholder value (Stone, 1998).The chief(prenominal) purpose of HRM is to improve the productive contribution of people wherein the employees are being heard by the management and helping the employees to find new resources that enable them to successfully perform their jobs (Ulrich, 1997). The role played by gentle resource functions is best explained by determining the key objectives that they seek to align strategies, develop effective policies, systems and a ctivities which are significant to the firms overall success (Torrington, Hall Taylor, 2002 Storey, 1995).HRM functions are critical in rail an effective organization. Organizations need to have a competitive HRM functions in order to maintain a competent workforce and attain business objectives (Newman Hodgetts, 1998). HRM function includes planning, training and development, career development, performance appraisal, and employee relations. These functions help organizations to facilitate strategies that stick out them to achieve efficiency and effectiveness (Stone, 1998). HRM functions must tack in manner that it accomplishes new roles and new competencies.It also has to be transformed to deal creatively and practically with the emerging challenge. HRM practices have a tangible and several(a) intangible organizational consequences. Prior researches have found support for the role of HRM practices in predicting organizational commitment (Davidson, 1998), job satisfaction (Br adley et al. , 2004), and procedural justice (Edgar Geare, 2005). Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is a gratifying emotional state resulting from the valuation of his or her work (Locke, 1976 Steijn, 2002).Even though job satisfaction is a highly personal experience, there are a number of facets that seem to contribute the most to feelings of job satisfaction. Steijn (2002) stated that mentally challenging work, adequate compensation pay, career opportunity, the ready availability of promotions, people that are friendly, considerate, or good-natured superiors contribute to job satisfaction (Johns Saks, 2000). For instance, the ready availability of promotions is positively related to job satisfaction.The promotion given enhances the perception of the employees that they are valued enough by the organization (Garrido, Perez, Anton, 2005). Previous studies have shown that compensation (Bassett, 1994), opportunity for advancement (Schneider, 1994), psychological climate, and leade rship style (Howell Frost, 1989) are antecedents of job satisfaction. Organizational pull Trust is an individuals expectation, assumption, or belief about the likelihood that another(prenominal)s coming(prenominal) action will be beneficial, favorable, or at least not detrimental to ones interests (Meyer, Davis, Schoorman, 1995).Trust is considered to be an essential component in organizations since it is a consistent mechanism that supports organizational change and development in an unpredictable environment than hierarchical power and direct surveillance (Kramer Tyler, 1996). Several studies clear indicate that the formation of trust within workplace relationships is complex and elusive (Tzafrir, 2003). Furthermore, workplace trust is a necessary element for the development of competitive advantage through support, co-operation, and improvement of systems.Trust is viewed as a feature of the social foundation that begins interactions among parties (Mayer Davis, 1999). Accor ding to Kramer and Tyler (1996), there is a need for organizational trust for the crusade of there are organizational needs that are not to be disclosed and one of the elements to administer these requirements are employees that trusts their organization. Currall and Judge (1995) defined trust as an individuals reliance on another person under conditions of dependence and risk. Dependence means that ones outcomes are reliant on the trustworthy or untrustworthy behavior of another.Furthermore, risk means that one would experience negative outcomes from the other persons untrustworthy behavior (Kramer Tyler, 1996). Previous studies have shown that psychological contract breach (Costa 2001), leadership style and organizational communication are antecedents of organizational trust. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCBs) are behaviors that are discretionary, indirectly seen or recognized by the official compensation system, and as a strong enco urage the effective functioning of an organization (Organ, 1998).It is also defined as an employee behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty and is therefore discretionary and not rewarded in the context of an organizations bollock reward structure (Konovsky Pugh, 1994). Social exchange is an explanatory mechanism to obtain OCBs. It refers to relationships that entail unspecified time to come obligations. Social exchange is a critical element in understanding OCBs. It is the theoretical basis and the commencement point for OCBs to obtain.When HRM practices offered by the organization are perceived favorable by employees, they tend to reciprocate by OCBs (Organ, 1998). For example, when supervisors treat employees fairly, social exchange and the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960) dictate that employees reciprocate, and OCBs are the avenue for employees reciprocation. in that respect are five dimensions of OCBs (Organ, 1998). First is altruism that involves all discreti onary behaviors that have the effect of serving a specific other person with an organizationally important task or problems.The second is conscientiousness it is the utmost that a person goes well beyond the satisfactory or required level in work attendance the person exemplifies the brand of OCBs. Third is sportsmanship which the employees goodwill in tolerating less than ideal circumstances without plain and making a federal case out of small potatoes. The fourth dimension is civic honor which is the behavior that shows a concern for participating in corporate life for example, by performing tasks that they are not required to perform, and doing so for the benefit of the organization.It also implies a sense o involvement in what policies are adapted and which candidates are supported. The last dimension is courtesy which involves such actions as touching home plate with those parties whose work would be affected by ones decision or commitments. Touching seat refers to action s done by employees that their co-employees values (Organ, 1998). Previous studies have shown that procedural justice (Alotaibi, 2001 Organ, 1998), organizational commitment (Alotaibi, 2001 Mayer Allen, 1997 Moorman et al. , 1993 ), and job satisfaction (Alotaibi, 2001 Moorman et al. , 1993) leads to OCBs.