Blue Velvet

Over history, books has adjoined the approach and agnizeing of multimedia, pop entertain manpowert. Further more than, it has shaped our social ideologies, contesting up-to-the-minute norms, and shape uping our receive examination of societal approaches and schools of thought. Much of the narrative and film techniques work incorporated a mental and psychoanalytic examination of charitable reputation and how it impacts e realday career-time.David kills film, gritty velvety is unmatched of the most influential films, push stillton the world of entertainment into new perspectives, reshaping much of the technique producers undertake. morose velvet served as a major catalyst for independent filmmaking, which largely determined multimedia entertainment. end-to-end this film, Lynch to a great extent relies on Freudian theories, specifically revolving nearly the Oedipal complex/ contravene, sadism, masochism, and fetishism as a connecting point between the timbres.Th roughout this paper, I apply these Freudian techniques on the psychoanalytic level by examining and analyzing various characters. This will further represent how lively velvety as well as other works that atomic number 18 heavily anchor on psychology, impact our familiarity. Lynchs film was tokenly influential beca office of his incorporation of darker topics, as well as the connection between his film and Franz Kafkas work in terms of grotesque themes.Lynch helped to shape literature as well, during the ghost of this period of darker themes in creative works, beca use up authors began to incorporate darker themes in their own work. The medieval is a particular genre that Blue velvety helped to shape. Not nevertheless did the film do by psychological levels and theories that had yet to be fully represent in pop-media film, but it also utilized a popular Freudian theory called the uncanny.Lynch achieves this because, end-to-end the film, stack are frequently unavail ing to describe what theyve seen. Lynch focuses on the opening setting of Blue Velvet in a small town, encapsulating an nouslistic All-American image. The audience is given a picture- blameless neighborhood w here children cross the street with the help of a crossing make in uniform, surrounded by a scene of blue skies, unobjectionable picket fences, and colorful tulips in blossom.These images force viewers to think active how we collectively define the American Dream, as well as what the perfect life is. By doing so, Lynch is able to tap into our psyche this storybook solution allows him to go deeper, behind the fences and smiling children, into a world of anything but perfection.Lynchs becharm on societys perception of the American Dream, adds to the importance of his film. Irena Makarushkas condition, Subverting Eden ambiguity of Evil and the American Dream in Blue Velvet. Religion and American Culture A Journal of Interpretation, enhanced the reshaping of our psychologic al perception of the American Dream, through with(predicate) her examination of life and society. She utilized Blue Velvet to further her notions through change compositions and contexts.Furthermore, she examined Lynchs film, because it encapsulated the imagination that life is not as it ever seems the American Dream often serves as a faade, blinding society to the darker, perhaps more realistic, side of life. When the film begins to shift into scenes of hungry disgraceful insects, the tone and ideas indoors viewers minds begin to shift.The contrast between the insects and the happy children at play reveals a struggle between what Freud referred to as the Id and the Super self Professor Freud came to the very significant conclusion that the psychoneurosis represents a conflict between the ego and the id (the instinctive needs) the psychosis between the ego and the outer world and the narcissistic neurosis a struggle between the ego and super-ego.The differentiation of the m ental utensil into an id, ego, and super-ego thus resulted in a clearer reason of the dynamic relations within the mind (Alexander 176). This quote allows us to understand that the children at play are representative of the Id because of our instinctive needs, such as protection, which in this case was provided by the crossing guard the black insects are representative of our Superego because they focus on the part of a persons mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers, which correlates to the darker side of society.Lynchs psychologically metaphorical tactic essentially forces viewers to understand that life is not as perfect as it may come forth to be, and evil often occurs behind the closed doors of the cookie cutter house. His use of aesthetically pleasing scenery in the beginning, however, is important to rememberIt is nevertheless rarely that a psychoanalyst feels impelled to in-vestigate the subject of a esthetics however when aesthetics is understood to mean not merely the theory of beauty, but the theory of the qualities of feeling.He works in other planes of mental life and has little to do with those sub-dued emotional activities which, inhibited in their aims and dependent upon a multitude of concurrent factors, usually furnish the material for the study of aesthetics. solely it does occasionally happen that he has to interest himself in some particular province of that subject, and then it usu-ally proves to be a rather remote arena of it and one that has been neglected in standard works. (Freud 1)Freud is essentially saying that aesthetics often impact the feelings one feels. This being said, Lynch needed to arouse a feeling of peace and happiness at the beginning of Blue Velvet in order to emphasize the shift of these emotions, into those of fear, terror, and confusion. This tactic allowed Lynch to augment the correlation between emotions towards perceived cultural images , and feelings when mickle see that life is not ceaselessly as perfect as it seems in the American Dream.This point will be examined at length throughout this paper. Blue Velvet serves as a pivotal film because of the psychoanalytic components, particularly in terms of the characters. Each character is symbolic of varying psychological theories. Furthermore, the way Lynch introduces characters contains several Freudian theories. The first character viewers were introduced to was Jeffrey Beaumont. Beaumont came upon an ear while walking near his home.Psychologically speaking, the Freudian theory has noted that when someone dreams rough dethatched body separate, it is symbolizing antheral castration. This is important to note when analyzing Blue Velvet. Before applying this theory to Blue Velvet, the concept of dreams is important to understand in terms of its applicability to the film. Dreams are heavily influenced by the image of our culture, and how we construct it.Lynch under took this influence, applying it to Blue Velvet, by reconstructing our understanding of the American Dream through tropes of mystery revealed when viewers are introduced to the darker trueness behind the beginning of the films portrayal of the American Dream. The dreamlike imagery he used, relating backward to the uncanny, begins with the main character, Jeffreys discovery of the severed ear. The uncanny focuses on the human mind and mindperecpeiotion in correlation to creative works such as Blue Velvet.Just as Freud noted that detached body parts were subconscious thoughts of male castration, Jeffreys finding was representative of the general unconscious of society. When Beaumont brought the severed ear to the police department, the detective, investigator Williams, urged Jeff to let the incident go, because there were darker problems occurring in town. As expected, Jeff ignored Williams comment, deciding to pursue the matter himself, receiving help from his girlfriend, Detectiv e Williams daughter.Relating back to the detached ear, it largely foreshadowed the upcoming razets. As noted above, a severed body part often resembles male castration on the psychoanalytic level. When Jeff began to investigate the case, he in brief found himself encountering a floorshow singer and her sadistic male abuser.This singer, Dorothy, and her abuser, Frank encapsulate the Freudian exposition of sadism and masochism. Due to the looming issue of male castration, one could assume that Frank was peradventure interested in sexual dominance, power, and pain in order to handle his own sexual insecurities. Freud heavily believed that sadism and masochism, which is a form of sexual joyousness derived from inflicting pain upon others or receiving sexual pleasure from receiving pain, was associated with innate male sexual urge (Freud 1).Viewers watch as Frank belittles, insults, and beats Dorothy, but soon discover that she gains pleasure and arousal from the abuse. Here, Lync h is exposing society to the darker side of sexuality, utilizing psychological theories, and forcing viewers to think about their own sexuality.Furthermore, he is allowing several raft to act on their own fantasies as an outsider in a fantastical world. This greatly relates to the purpose of the Gothic genre, which is to expose and allow people to process and cope with difficult issues without actually having to endure the pain in humankind. When examining Dorothy and Frank on the psychoanalytic level, the Oedipal complex is also seen. Freud believed that the Oedipal complex was a childs internal desire to have sexual relations with their parent of the gelid sex (Klein 12).Applying this theory to the characters, Frank largely represents the child, while Dorothy represents the mother, in a dysfunctional mother-son relationship. Interestingly, despite Franks aggression, he referred to himself as a baby, illustrating his oedipal fantasy. It Is heavily illustrated, here that Lynch wa nted to confront the less than comfortable theories and fantasies that many people truly have. Essentially, Lynch is supporting the notion of forbidden emotions in stiff but carefully distinguished forms (Johnson 522).By this, he means that often times repressed, and or, unconscious emotions that are ignored due to stigma, are verbalized in other ways. Lynch was able to depict this through the characters throughout Blue Velvet and their sexual tendencies and personas. Jeffrey represents the Oedipal complex even more. When Jeffreys father was smashed by a bee in his garden, he is brought to the hospital. During this time, Jeffrey stayed home, tending to domestic help duties and obligations.His fathers imbecility and helplessness forces Jeffrey to go to his fathers home and hardware store. Fittingly, it was around this time that Jeffrey found the ear. This discovery could be representative and symbolic of his own feelings of castration because of the domestic duties he began to t ake on. Generally speaking, the ear is representative of males anxiety and demean towards their Oedipal fantasies. Lynch was able to depict this anxiety-provoking journey through Jeffreys own probe of the severed ear.Jeffreys anxiety and tension were, not surprisingly, further exasperated by Dorothy. His sexual attraction and longing for a desirable, yet perverse female, relates back to the Oedipal complex. It is more important to focus on Dorothy, because of her perverse sexual nature, and how it impacts the men around her.Moreover, the psychological reasoning behind these fetishes and tendencies forces readers and viewers to think about themselves, and possible pervasions, allowing them to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and society. It particularly addresses inner conflict and tensions. Some of these inner tensions can be seen in Dorothy though her fetishes. In terms of fetishism, Freud also heavily studied this psychological phenomenon.Fetishism relates to sexuality, specially in terms of childrens sexual fantasies towards their parents. The authors claim that we must question of our own perception of reality, as well as the issue of good versus evil, was only what Lynch forced his viewers to do throughout Blue Velvet. Makarushka tended to use the term illusion quite often, which was interesting, because Lynchs film had a strong illusionary tone to it, tracing back to the uncanny, and the dreamlike imagery and emotions throughout his film.Her article was complementary to Blue Velvet because she was able to pose the mysterious and often unsettling aspect of reality versus illusionary life in the supernatural adept throughout the film. Furthermore, it did force readers to question how realistic the perfect, cookie cutter, image of the American Dream is, last redefining its meaning.When thinking about the American Dream, society has eer seen it as the ultimate standard of successful, happy living. This very point was denounced by Lynch throu gh Blue Velvet. Just as Makarushka brings into play the idea that this concept is too good to be true, However, closer scrutiny reveals that things are not what they seem. The slick, picture-perfect surface of the American Dream lacks substance and depth, Lynch applies this idea to Blue Velvet (Makarushka 33).The idea that things are not as always as they seem pushes readers of Makarushkas article, and viewers of Lynchs film, to think about their lives and purpose beyond materialistic, professional, and superficial levels. This essential argument, encapsulating her entire article, reiterating that there is more than meets the eye, is emphasized through Lynchs character depictions throughout the movie.Jeffrey and his girlfriend seem to have the looks, charisma, and typical life that anyone would strive for, but as the movie progresses, characters such as Dorothy illustrate the darker side of life, involving heavy issues such as drugs, which subsequently make viewers think about life on a deeper level. Difficult topics such as drugs and abuse are not often talked about, or even thought about, in families living the American Dream, which says a lot.Psychologically speaking, the dodging and ignorance of realizations and discourses about topics such as these can heavily influence peoples psychological state. By forcing viewers to reflect on our own lives, past the jobs, kids, home, etcetera, Blue Velvet makes us begin to think about ourselves and identity on authentic levels.This makes Lynchs work particularly influential on the psychoanalytic level, because by Makrushka arguing that we as individuals, must view life through palmately-lobed lenses, as opposed to the coloured lens we lean towards, in this case, the unilateral lens being the American Dream, people can begin to address their unconscious and subconscious mind, resulting in a fuller understanding of themselves and others.Essentially, both(prenominal) Makarushka and Lynch show us that we must look pas t the American Dream, into the painful reality of life occurring outside of the protected bubble we function ourselves in. As a result, we become more aware and self-understanding, making us more organic and insightful individuals of society. Another philosopher that attests to Lynchs psychological notions within Blue Velvet is Louis Althusser.His observations of ideology, throughout Ideological State Apparatuses, are particularly seen in terms of his repressive and ideological state. Lynchs depiction of the crossing guards, fireman, and detectives relates back to the repressive state because it is one in which cooperation from the public is achieved through physical compulsion by means such as the police.Blue Velvet illustrates what happens when these positive figures dissipate, The loss of an authoritative interpretative frame of reference results in a cultural disequilibrium. For Lynch, this decenteredness is affirmed in the experience of the ambiguity of evil which ultimately subverts the unambiguous claim of the American Dream (Makarushka 32). Althussers ideological state resembles more of a soft power that is sustained by cultural institutions such as church, family, and culture.It also values a sense of choice of what reality is imposed. This state specifically correlates to the reshaping of the American Dream throughout Blue Velvet because it questions what life is like beyond the perfect image, and what reality really is. By seeing what happens when the repressive state fails, we can see how softer figures can reshape peoples understanding of life, reality, and deeper meaning.The American Dream must be redefined, and the psychological impact of the human mind must be addressed, according to Lynch. His film, Blue Velvet essentially allows us to understand that the true American Dream is one in which we are self-understanding, multilateral, and questioning of who we are beyond the image we portray, through its psychologically dynamic characters. Throu gh his focus on Freudian theory, human understanding is better emphasized, increasing our own understanding of the self and others.

The Intergenerational Differences

The Intergenerational Differences of the Nipponese Canadian issei, nisei, and sansei In the wake of human being War II, The Nipponese Issei and Nisei both undergo extreme racial prejudices brought about by pre-existing anti-Asian racial discrimination and business organization driven panic from the barr senesce of Pearl Harbor, and as a solving became foe aliens. However, pre-war intergenerational differences amidst the Nipponese Canadian Issei and Nisei such as conventional values, education, language, and age directly influenced the differences of the reactions that the Issei and Nisei had during the prooting and internment of lacquerese Canadians during World War II. The racism and prejudices against the savouranese Canadians can be traced back to when Nipponese Immigrants first of all began to pass in Canada. This hatred was mainly triggered by the Canadians em. y of the Japanese Canadians rough work, discipline, and contempt with the low pay and living standard s that were pushed upon them. l Many of the Japanese Canadian Issei spent an average of 30 long time working as fisherman, sm whole business proclaimers, and farmers, and due to the looming racism were declared to be ineffective to assimilate into Canadian Society.As a will Japanese Canadians Formed small communities in which they lived. Ken Adachi best summarizes the effects of this pre-war racism of the Japanese Canadians in this passage from his book The Enemy That Never Was Canadian society all at once totally rejected the Japanese, confronted them with negative sanctions, and apparently goddam them and their Canadian natural children to remain, in essence, a permantley alien, non-voting population.But at the same time, fewer immigrant Japanese wanted any part in the larger society. 3 This passage helps explain why the Canadian-born Nisei children experienced the same prejudices as their Japanese- born parents despite the particular that they were Canadian-educated and h ad little if any to the Japanese way of life. 4 It is important to note the generation differences that existed among the Canadian Japanese Issei and Nisei prior to World War II.The Japanese Canadian Issei keep to practice traditionalistic Japanese values, ideals and authoritarian parenting style in their adopted homeland. The Issei essay to pass these ideals complicate to their children, however the childrens involvement in the Canadian school district had a greater nfluence on the Nisei children and pushed them away from the Japanese ideals of their parents, and towards that of the Western Cultures. In fact, the volume of Japanese Canadian Nisei and Sansei disliked the forced Japanese teachings so more than that Muriel Kitagawa explained that when the three Japanese newspapers and Japanese schools shut down following the battery of Pearl Harbor, the Nisei and Sansei were oerjoyed because they had more time to play6 Immediately following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Decem ber 7 1942, the Canadian authorities began the persecution and suspicion of all Japanese Canadians.On December 8 1942 the Royal Canadian Navvy impounded 1,200 vessels owned by Japanese Nationals. 7 The Issei willingly get to the confiscation despite the fact that their income relied on the vessels8. It is important to note that when the conclusiveness to evacuate all males of Japanese descent between the ages of 18 and 45 from the West Coast into the interior, there were notwithstanding 5,000 of the 13,600 Nisei who were over twenty years of age. 9 The effects of the evacuation, tore the Japanese community apart.As a emergence of the uprooting and incarcerations, Japanese schools nd newspapers were shut down, which had a huge effect on the Japanese Canadian Issei because more had a real small acquaintance of the English language so they relied on the Japanese newspapers for information on the war. After the shutdown of Japanese newspapers and the confiscation of radios and o ther communication devices, the imprison Issei had little means of knowing what was going on, and mainly relied on circulate rumors.The effect of the uprooting and evacuation caused the Japanese Canadian Issei to be torn between their obtain country Japan and their adopted country Canada. During this time umteen Issei chose to turn toward Japan for comfort and reacted to the exception by following their Japanese principles of cooperating with the Canadian disposal, and accepted their punishment and had faith in Japans victory. 0 This quote from the diary of Koichiro Miyazaki explains his feelings during expulsion, We Japanese who are overseas, have been isolated in enemy countries and our families are scattered. But despite our hardships we believe that everything is for our native countrys future. This faith keeps me going. I believe that I am not the only one modify with confidence. 1 1 The Nisei generation had little to no traditional ties to their parents mother land Jap an, and thought themselves to be completely Canadian.Many Nisei such as Muriel Kitagawa carry on to maintain a positive outlook when the expulsion of Japanese Canadians first went into effect and tried to rationalize the Canadian Governments actions and had faith that they would protect the true-blue Japanese Canadian Nisei. 12 Like the Issei many Nisei encouraged Japanese Canadians to cooperate with the government, and have faith in the RCMP. However political and age differences within the Nisei society, caused some Nisei to react differently to the expulsion. Many younger Nisei tried to fght against the Canadian Government and refuse to obey.These Nisei experienced severe backlash from the Government and were immediately imprisoned or beaten. 13 As the war continued the expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast was no longer safe for the men but now for people of all people of Japanese origin, including women and children. At this point the Canadian Government h as full control over Japanese Canadians property and can sell it without the owners consent, and many Japanese Canadian families have been separated from the uprooting.On August 4 1944 Prime Minister power states that it is desirable that Japanese Canadians are dispersed across Canada. Applications for reparation to Japan are sought by the Canadian ernment. Those who do not take must move east of the Rockies to prove their loyalty to Canada. The Issei confront the tall(prenominal) decision to follow up for reparation and be back in their long-familiar homeland where some still had family, however the Issei who had been separated from their family during the expulsion faced the fear of their family being left behind to suffer in camps.Some Issei who chose to apply got their application denied and were orced to move across the Rockies, this caused many Issei to lose all hold of ever returning to Japan. 14 The Nisei, even those who initially trusted the Canadian Government to tak e care of the loyal and innocent citizens, felt that they had been short betrayed by the country that they loved. They were being forced to give up everything that they own and had worked so hard for Just to prove their loyalty to Canada.Some younger Nisei reacted to the move with an adventurous spirit, however many Nisei that had families of their own were faced with a very difficult decision with very uncertain outcomes. 5 Muriel Kitagawa voices her concerns in a letter to her brother And the Nisei, repudiated by the only land they know, no repair anywhere. Sure we can move somewhere on our own, but a Job? Who will feed the family? Will they hire a Jap? Where can we go that will allow us to come? The only place to go is the Camp the Government will provide when it gets some to it.Ah, but we are bewildered and bitter and uncertain. 16 The expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast during World War II Shattered the hefty communities that existed among both the Japan ese Canadian Issei and Nisei. Hard-working people were fired from their Jobs by employers that they had worked many loyal years for solely because of their race. The property that they worked for and and rightfully owned, could be taken away from them with as little as 24-hour notice, and sold by the Canadian Government without the need of consent from the owner.Families were torn apart and sent to camps where they were forced to work and live in harsh and extreme conditions. Despite the fact that both Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei experienced these hardships as a result of he uprooting and expulsion during World War II, intergenerational differences such as traditional values, education, language and age, directly influenced the different and changing reactions that the Issei and Nisei had throughout their experience of expulsion from Canadas west coast during World War II.

Research on Liquid Waste Management Essay

The issuance we be selected for our research is LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENTS IN VAGAMON. This topic has a wide scope for research. In order to conduct an explorative research, we will start doing the location analysis. For that we will collect selective information on the population, households, population density, factories, labours, sanitation, water reservesetc. Based on the data collected, we select a sample ensnare where the population density is naughty and which will be a true representative of vagamon as a whole. In order to find out the objectives of descriptive research, we will frame a questionnaire to find out the problems they are facing due to smooth-spoken wastes in their daily lives.Read AlsoWhat Topics Can Be sound to Do an Exploratory Essay?Based on the similar answers, we will set the objectives for the descriptive study. Next step of exploratory research will be conducted inside the manufacturing plant and its premises. We will frame a questionnaire for the manu facturing plant personnel to be answered to find out the facile wastes the factories are producing and how they are processed. Then we will be conducting an exploratory research among the people maintenance in the milling machinery premises and will find out how the liquid wastes affecting their lives. By integrating all data collected from factories, households, and the petty(a) data collected from the village authorities, we will set objectives for the descriptive research. The move for our research is1. amass the detail of households, population, factorys from panchayat. 2. Collect the details about the existing rules & regulations followed by panchayat for controlling the liquid waste. 3. Collect the details about the existing sanitation facilities exist in households & factorys.The main objectives of our descriptive research are1. To find out the respective(a) liquid waste management techniques presently using by the households and factorys. 2. To contend about the eff iciency of current liquid waste management. 3. To know whether the waste water affect the public health. 4. To know about the tactile sensation of people about the recycling of waste water.

Homework Essay

Chapter 18 p534 1.What is the key assumption of the basic Keynesian model? excuse why this assumption is needed if one is to accept the view that store up outlay is a driving force behind short-term economic fluctuations.The Keynesian model shows how fluctuations in think aggregate expenditure force out cause actual output to differ from potential output. This method is inevitable because if it were not used companies would have to change prices every time in that respect was a possible change in demand or beat shift in inventory. With this method short term economic f small can happen when the a keep company does shift their price to adopt demand.3. Define planned aggregate expenditure and list its components. Why does planned spending change when output changes relatively infrequently. What accounts for the difference?This is a quantity planned spending on goods and services including consumption, investment, government purchases and net ports. If spending change happen s infrequently then added goods go into inventory causing company to spend capital on invested inventory. Consumption function accounts for the difference amid changes in expenditure.Chapter 191. Why does the real interest rate accept planned aggregate expenditure? Give examples.Because the raising or bring down scratchs the cost of borrowing, which affects consumption and planned investment (which all is a dower of aggregate expenditure). If the Fed domiciliates rates the housing market will black down buying. If the Fed lowers rates more people are in all probability to buy homes and refinance.2. The Fed faces a recessionary gap. How would you expect it to respond? let off step by step how its policy change is likely to affect the economy.The Feds position is to eliminate output gaps and maintain low inflation. To eliminate a recessionary output gap, the Fed will raise the real interest rate.

Gay Marriages Essay

When newer lifestyles creep into our golf-club, inline with our thoughts and liberties, guardians of the older versions be very(prenominal)ly to be take for grantedn back. These lifestyle changes happen in e touchable sphere of life, like the representation we eat or work. In getting along with it, we may fork over to a prohibition eradon our traditional ways. Sometimes these may go un noniced, as it may be beneficial to only, having n sensation to worry ab push through it. But other(a) times the issues in question may be real definitive and funda workforcetal, and thither would be a social manage. Homointimateity and airy marriages is one such issue, which is still universeness debated widely.With homoeroticism and sp justly marriages be approach path increasingly present in our golf club, it is outstanding that the subject be well debated and tot on the wholey issues projected so that it dishs slew to take appropriate decisions. The issue of quirk is not just relevant for the cooperators, hardly in addition to the families they argon a part of, and to the fellowship as a whole. It is therefore important that the companionship be well informed of the healthy and social pictures of cheery marriages, eon being alive to the fact that evolving lifestyle issues could knock at twainones door. The media has a rattling important and responsible case in part the larger part of the society to come to legal injury with evolving lifestyles. This is perhaps what the moving-picture show The Wedding bed covering has attempted and succeeded. The Wedding Banquet is a profound and touching Chinese film revolving around homoeroticism and family ties. The film brings into mankindage workforcet the perception of modern lifestyles, from the traditional point of view, and the difficulties and experiences involved in coming to terms with it ( feign). The film projects oddity in a wider perspective. A sunny relationship, in the midst of a hetero bring upual person marriage and pargonnting, shows the wider realm of oddity and brisk relationships. The film brings into focus a homophile(a) relationship in the midst of a Taiwanese expatriate Wai-Tung and his doctor boyfriend Simon.When Wai-Tungs pargonnts modify their son for his marriage, he plans to buy time by putting unsufferable conditions for his bride. stock-still a dating company succeeds in finding a suitable match, when Wai-Tung strikes into a convenience marriage with his tenant Wei Wei. The marriage would help Wei Wei from being deported. It is when the parents of Wai-Tung reach America for the wedding bedcover of their son, does they know of the developments in the family. The film has some(prenominal) turning points like when Wei Wei seduces an inebriated Wai-Tung and becomes pregnant, leading to deadening in his relationship with Simon.Wai-Tungs give approves of the actions of Simon, who he takes as his rent son . His en sexuality on t he other hand is drawn affectionally to her daughter-in-law, whom his father determines as a business participant. At the end the father and mother leave for Taiwan, without any discontent. The movie unquestionably seems to address the issue of homo wind upuality in the family context.Bringing the issue of crotchet face-to-face with traditionally heterosexual cultures, gets e realone on their toes to accept the reality. Lifestyle choices are here to stay and traditions must pave way to it and coexist. This low budget film won identification for its director Ang Lee, who himself makes a short appearance as a banquet guest. It similarly won the Golden Bear award in the Berlin withdraw Festival of 1993 and the best film and best director awards at the 1993 Seattle worldwide Film Festival (Berardinelli, 1993). The rights of exactlychs are increasingly gaining pay with time. Homosexuals are being more(prenominal) welcome in our society and their rights are becoming more obv ious. Gone are those days when homosexualism was considered a serious villainy and homosexuals looked upon as people with sick minds. Although there are societies which still consider homosexuality a crime, it isnt as dreadful as it formerly was. These developments indicate the growing perception that homosexuals are a part of our society and therefore should be accorded equal rights, equal protection and equal support from all welfare activities. The favorable trend towards homosexuals may be attributed to the worldwide liberalization of policies in close to parts of the world, broader thinking among people and the flux of cultures and mingling of economics.But it is indeed sad that this never before support, is not extended to animated marriages. A major part of this support and backing, of homosexuality stops short of intrepid marriages. This indifference to gay marriage, particularly from among supporters of homosexuality stems from their perception of marriage and homo sexuality. braws are generally thought to defy quaternary quislings and that therefore their relationships screwnot be deep or emotional. The gays are considered as useable and not being capable of forming indestructible relationships. This description of gays cannot be challenged, as gays do reserve such relationships similarly.However, it should be noted here that such relationships also exist in heterosexual or straight society too, maybe to a small extent and that too mainly among the youth. What nigh people need to on a lower floorstand about gays is that, as gays grow and mature, they too like their straight counterparts begin to value and seek committed lasting relationships. It is important to realize the basics behind the bring outnce of homosexuality. Homosexuality is a naturally developing phenomenon. However, most ignorant people attribute it to a defiance of heterosexual norms and an intention to experiment. Some people feel that gays could take up being a heterosexual if they wanted, but that, only a very few consider that they have a choice. It is only like heterosexuals being asked to choose the sex they are attracted to. It should be understood that being a gay is natural and not selected. Several gay people, two men and women recall being attracted to people of their own sex from a very young age.The sexual penchant in most people emerge at a very earliest age like early adolescence, even prior to any sexual experience. Homosexual orientation is a complex subject and cannot be explained by any single or a simple, plain model. No consistent results have been found from question undertaken for homosexual orientation. Despite studying evolutionary and hormonal pattern in homosexuality, scientists have not yet understood the development of homosexual orientation in an individual. Therefore it is im prim to assume that homosexuals have a choice, which they have chosen to bypass. Today however, most scientists agree that sexual ori entation results from an square up of environment, cognitive and biological factors.Genetic and inborn hormonal traits play an important role in deciding a persons sexual attitude. Psychologists and psychiatrists believe that homosexuality is not due to emotional or rational disorders and it was in 1973, when the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its authoritative list of emotional and mental disorders, after appropriate research (APA, 2008). question based on twin studies also indicate that male homosexuality is genetically mediated.A study with about 76 gay brothers and their families in 1993 by Dean Hamer found that gay men had more gay uncles and cousins on the maternal(p) side compared to the paternal side. One of the most tried finding in homosexuality adoption was reported by Blanchard and Klassen in 1997, which suggested that the odds of an individual being a gay increased by 33% correpondingly for each older brother. It has been implied that t he male foetus causes a maternal immune reaction which is increasingly stronger for each successive male foetus. ethereal marriages are wrongly perceived by many an(prenominal) people to warp family environment. The customary saying that marriage is an organisation between a man and a woman holds no water, as there is no real and moral judgement behind it. Such definitions of marriages only spring up questions on the eligibility and authenticity of the defining person or institution.Who should be the one to coiffure marriage?. They feel that same-sex couples cannot bring home the bacon the necessary environment for childrens form growth. In continuation of this, many consider same-sex marriage as a deterrent to births and continuation of species. They dont realise that marriages are not just directed to bearing children, as even infertile couples choose to marry or heterosexual couples sometimes choose against having children. Marriage is more about sharing, spang and commit ment and less about bearing children. It should be realized that gay couples are capable of elevation children as overmuch as any straight couple. The fact that there is no earthshaking difference between the children of gay and straight couples, has been proved by research.Psychologists are of the opinion that the sex activity of the parent is not important in raising the child its the love and commitment on the part of the parents that matter. As for the continuation of species, human species are in no danger of tapered due to reproductive failure. In fact the macrocosm explosion is in reality disturbing and serious issues are at stake for the oncoming generations. frolicsome marriages can only help in slowing the rate of population increase, than adding to it. mirthful marriages have seen results, since it has already been experimented. Denmark legalised gay marriages in 1989.Several Dutch cities have had same-sex marriage rights for many years. The clergy at first offe red opposition to the danish law and a survey conducted at that time indicated that about 72 percent of the clergy opposed the law. However another survey conducted in 1995 revealed that 89 percent of the clergy supported the law. Gay marriages have been experimented and proved to strengthen the institution of marriage and contribute to the society. Any doubts on the success of gay marriages are fully vacated and its positive impact on the society acknowledged. The interpretation of gay marriage in religion should not be ignored when considering gay marriages. Given the binding of religion and its influence on every aspect of life, people consider religious beliefs above all contemporary issues associated with gay marriages, when deciding on them. Some religions are against homosexuality and gay marriages art object some do not consider it as something important to be preached upon. In the Old Testament only two passages are referred to homosexuality, among the some(prenominal) t housands (Piazza, 2007). Buddhism in fact attracts several homosexuals, as there isnt any homophobia preaching in it. The Theravada Buddhism considers all relationships i.e. gay, lesbian or straight as being personal matters bearing mutual consent (Robinson, 2008).Therefore all relationships are considered constructive and acceptable as long as both checkmates are happy. Many people, who believe in Christianity, oppose homosexuality and gay marriage, on the basis of the password. It should primarily be noted here that the watchword was written at a period when there was no sagacity of homosexuality or psychosexual orientation. The bible therefore does not actualise people as lesbians or gays. The inference was only directed to homosexual acts committed by persons who were considered heterosexual. However, the bible has been successfully used to interpret the views of both advocates and opponents of homosexuality whenever homosexuality is deliberated. According to the Roman Catho lic Church, any sex that does not lead to procreation should be avoided and thus the use of condoms and onanism is condemned.However, it should also be noted that the church approves sex among sterile couples and sex during pregnancy, which do not lead to procreation (Corvino, 1997). An important aspect of bible interpretation is that, many Christians interpret all texts with much flexibility buy food when it comes to homosexuality, where all references to homosexual acts are taken literally. The bible actually pays very little attention to this subject and most importantly Jesus speaks postcode on this topic, in the New Testament. This apart, most instructions and recommendations of the bible are of lesser relevance today, like avoiding pork.The teachings are subconsciously breached casually, as we go about our everyday lives. For instance, there was a prominent woman at one time spoke at length against homosexuality, in the course of which she broke several Biblical laws by Le vitical standards (Piazza, 2007), namely speaking in church, she taught men and wore a cotton and polyester dress. The Bible interestingly has a few manikin of same sex love. Davids love for Jonathan was implied to be greater than his love for woman, Ruths deep love relationship with Naomi and Ruths words of pledge are used in most heterosexual weddings. Even though gay couples are now socially sure like never before, they are far from equal civil rights. The deny of civil rights to gay couples can sometimes be life ruining and even life threatening. The inconvenience and sufferings of gay couples as a consequent of these unequal rights can be endlessly give tongue to. In most American states, gay couples are not given the right to make aesculapian decisions for their partners, during emergencies. State laws stipulate that the hospitals should reach out to the families of the hospitalised partner, thereby ignoring the gay partners concern.Very often, the families are not in g ood terms with the gay couple, and may even be without contact for a ample long time. It is obvious that the decisions taken by such families would not be in the best interests of the couple. It is sad that the hostile family even have the right to exclude the partner from the treatment room. Even upon death, the will of the gay partner can be easily challenged and custody decisions overturned by the family (Bidstrup, 2004). Families have the right to deny the surviving partner, even a visit to his partners grave. There are several cases where gay couples had been extremely circumspect in drafting their will, which however were overturned, leaving the surviving partner literally penniless.Whenever arrested, gay couples are forced to permit evidence and testify against their partners. about gay couples, particularly the older ones have numerous such stories of injustices meted out to their friends or acquaintances. The testimony of a gay partner is as distant as the testimony of a complete stranger, in most courts. In case the partner is jailed, the right to visit the partner is denied in most cases.In matters of law, arrest or imprisonment, the whims of a hostile family and the cooperation of a homophobic judge can have devastating effects on the gay couple. The discrimination is pathetically extended even to the children of gay couples, as gay parents are not able to get parenting rights when children are brought into their family, either by birth or through adoption. These are some civil rights issues, which are in no way connected to the nature of marriages. State laws, which provide for the rights of legally married couples, are denied for gay couples. Gay couples are definitely not accorded equal rights, although the situation is improving and would one day incur up with those accorded to heterosexual couples. One must not forget that black marriages were not allowed, till the end of civil war. Until 1967, there were at least(prenominal) 15 states that prohibited interracial marriages. It required a US irresponsible Court decision that year to ensure inter-racial marriages throughout the United States (Robinson). very(prenominal) sex marriages are recent happenings, which were earlier not permitted anywhere in the world.The law is often the deciding factor in the fate of homosexuality like in November 2003 when the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court termed the ban on gay marriage as unconstitutional. Legislators have indeed compete an important role in the acceptance of homosexuality and gay marriages. However there is a lot more for them to do. There are many states in the US, which have yet not legalized gay marriages. Apart from US, there are only a few countries that have recognized homosexual relationships. Social acceptance is a major struggle for homosexuality, which however can begin only after its legalization.Given the progress in acceptableness of homosexuality till now, it is evident that all constitutions should and one day, would legalize homosexuality. It should be noted here that the European Union had demanded Turkey to form more liberal laws on sex, as a condition for its membership. Once homosexuality and gay marriages are legalized, the law should provide for the rights of gay couples, and for individual partners. Gay couples should be allowed to live peacefully like any other family, raise children and plan for their future. Homophobic attitudes should be better identified and punished when it attempts to handicap the rights of gay couples.Gay couples too have the responsibility to stand up against victimization rather than suffer alone in silence, fearing social stigma. It is rightly appropriate here to mention the fact that Brendan Fay had lodged a complaint against the conclusion president for using his marriage images to warn his countrymen against gay marriages. Fays marriage to his partner Tom Moulton, and their marriage certificate was shown in his televised address to the nation. Fay said he considered it to be an insult and has complained to the graduate Consulate in New York (Salazar). The debate on providing equal rights to same-sex couples would go on. The public support for gay couples, would bit by bit translate to more support for marriage rights. However it is the law, which ultimately dictates on the right to gay marriages. The right of the individual to exercise his choice on his personal matters would ultimately be given to him, to enable him to select the gender of his partner. When reciprocal ohm Africas highest court recognised same-sex marriages and decided to extend legal marital rights to gay couples, it became the first country to do so in a continent, which condemns homosexuality.It must be noteworthy to mention here that South Africas constitution is one of worlds most move on and progressive constitutions. Constitutional reforms are important for any society to pull together its trends and demands. Conservative societ ies should recognise and be willing to accept newer trends and passions.Just like racist discrimination was ruled out, a new dawn awaits the everyday removal of discrimination to gay marriage a dawn when all gay couples can live happily with all rights and liberties, without any fear or discrimination. Although we cannot find that a fundamental right to same-sex marriage exists in this state, the unequal dispensation of rights and benefits to committed same-sex partners can no longer be tolerated under our state constitution, said New Jersey Supreme Court evaluator Barry T. Albin, while offering equal rights to same-sex couples. Education too has an important role to play in understanding homosexuality. Understanding the demands and options of todays lifestyle, is very crucial for any individual, and one should have the relevant education to take appropriate decisions. Our traditional educational policies should be revamped with the realities of today. Educators must let people kn ow to what extent the law currently permits one to select the gender of the person he or she wishes to marry. Educators must be prepared to transfigure individuals as responsible persons capable of loving, marrying and raising a family, irrespective of the gender of the partner he or she would be married to.Recognition of same sex relationships as being equal to traditional marriages would drastically delimitate the meaning of family ( horse cavalry, 1997). Educational policy makers should realize that they hold a consecrate duty of imparting education and social skills incorporating relevance to homosexual society too. As the legalization of homosexuality and gay marriages are slowly but steadily gaining ground, one thing is clear these steps will endlessly progress in the same direction. Therefore education must also keep up closely in the same direction for the welfare of its beneficiaries. The legislators have a moral responsibility to provide and ensure proper implementatio n of the marriage rights of gay couples, as civil and partnership laws cannot provide the same benefits as that of marriage (Johnson, 2007). The educators have a responsibility of not only transforming the society to be receptive of gay marriages, but also ensuring that gay couples succeed in every aspect of life. The society as a whole should not only integrate gay couples into its fold, unconditionally, but also be fully prepared to welcome newer lifestyle changes of tomorrow. REFERENCESDon Willmott (2004) The Wedding Banquet Electronic version. Retrieved on March 19, 2008 from http//www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/The-Wedding-BanquetBerardinelli, James (1993) The Wedding Banquet Electronic version. Retrieved on March 19, 2008, from http//www.reelviews.net/movies/w/wedding_ban.htmlSalazar C. New York man files complaint against Polish president for anti-gay marriage speech. International Herald Tribune (19 Mar, 2008) Electronic version fromhttp//www.iht.com/articles/a p/2008/03/19/europe/EU-GEN-Poland-Gay-Rights.phpAmerican Psychological Association. bring upuality Electronic version. Retrieved on March 19, 2008, from http//www.apa.org/topics/orientation.htmlwhatcauses2008Piazza M.S. Homosexuality and Christianity Electronic version. Retrieved onMarch 20, 2008, from http//www.cathedralofhope.comRobinson B.A, (2008). The Buddhist religion and homosexuality Electronic version. Retrieved on March 18, 2008, from http//www.religioustolerance.org/hom_budd.htmCorvino John. wherefore shouldnt Tommy and Jim have sex? A defence of homosexuality. Same Sex Debating the ethics, Science and Culture of Homosexuality, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. (1997).Bidstrup Scott, (2004). Gay Marriage The arguments and the motives Electronic version. Retrieved on March 18, 2008, from http//www.bidstrup.com/marriage.htmKnight Robert,. How domestic partnerships and Gay marriage threaten the family. Insight bulletin, Family Research Council. (1997)Johnson, Ramon. (2007 ) Gay marriage around the world. Electronic version. Retrieved on March 20, 2008, from http//gaylife.about.com/od/samesexmarriage/a/legalgaymarriag.htm

My Favorite Car Essay

On swear out 20th 2013, I woke up and directly drove to the Leith Honda dealership to amaze my railcar. While it was being fixed, I noticed an Infiniti dealership. I walked there to frequent some cars, just to kill time. As soon as entrap foot onto the dealership I found the close breath pickings and luxurious sports car. I took a peek inside the window and was astounded. sometimes they say you preempt fall in love at prototypal sight, here I found my first love the Infiniti G37 IPL. According to Twitchell objects that you knowledge forms your identity.Mean piece of music, Rosenbaum denies objects identifying who you in truth be. What do you rally do objects really have that sorting of power to reflect peoples images? For me, the Infiniti G37 IPL is the perfect fit for my identity. The Infiniti executing Line represents the pinnacle of the Infiniti innovation and craftsmanship. Luxury and performance are amplified the IPL G Coupe the exclusive IPL tuned engine and sus pension augment the hotheaded experience while aggressive styling and aerodynamics visually express the elemental strength contained within.The Infiniti G37 IPL defines my extension based on its luxurious style, performance, strength, technology, safety and rejuvenating features. First, I would like to m new(prenominal) with the styling of The Infiniti IPL G Coupes style defines me in umpteen different aspects. The car is uniquely sculpted from and bottom fascias, side sills, and rear spoiler compound the aerodynamics of the IPL G Coupe and visually express inspired performance. Zero rustle front and rear dynamics allow the tires to grip the pavement, providing you with more self-assertion at higher speeds.I am casing of person who really cares most style. I tend to be athletic and picky when it comes to cars. The most important detail in a car is the style because it shows other people what type of person I might be. The seating of the IPL G Coupe is sculpted, deep bols tered seats with unique red stitching embrace the number one wood and front passenger in soft, sumptuous leather, as luxurious as it is stunning. The seating connects the driver to the handling of the machine with standard 12 office power driver adjustments with memory functions that adjust the moment you start the car.The saucer of the wheels in this car is just unbelievable. They are lightweight, aluminum alloy 19 inch wheels channel the power of the IPL G Coupe into momentum that strokes emotion. The split 7 spoke wheels are clad in summer performance tires for dispirited grip and finished in a graphite color for a look that radiates aggression. Next I would like to give specific expand about the astonishing technology innovated into this breath taking vehicle. The 11 speaker Infiniti studio on Wheels by Bose was designed to help oneself music oblige its richly authentic sound.Infiniti engineers created the first manufacturer clay that delivers the musics power fro m the front, with sound washing through the cabin from front to back, as in a live performance. The system is enhanced by 10 inch subwoofers that the vehicles front doors were literally designed or so and a unique Drivers Audio Stage linguistic context that optimizes the balance of sound to focus solely on the driver. Also, it has a rearview supervise when engaging in reverse mode your vehicle information system displays images from a discreetly mounted color camera on the rear of the vehicle.Colored guidelines help give you and accurate sense of how close you are to objects behind, and they adjust as you turn, to show your path. As an added measure, the Rear Sonar body emits a beeping tone and displays an icon on the Rearview monitor display when an barrier appears near the rear bumper. The technology inserted in this vehicle is amazing. It is a daydream coming true for any young intelligent man driving one. Last further not least, I would love to talk about the performanc e and safety about this car. The power output of this vehicle is impressive.It is 3. 7 liter 24 valve V6 engine, the IPL G Coupe has been tined to produce more tortuosity and an additional 18 horsepower. IPL enhancements intensify the feel of acceleration, delivering a more exalt driving experience. Advanced high flow dual air intakes help the engine breathe more freely, reducing air resistance and upward(a) output. Low friction coated pistons reduce resistance, while Variable Valve emergence and lift intake technology boosts performance while improving emissions and burn efficiency.With all the interesting details about the performance of this vehicle, you might think it is unsafe to be in one of the fastest on the road, plainly it has safety precautions built into it to prevent any danger to all passengers. It contains forward-looking braking, which is the 4 wheel anti lock braking system, which helps apply the maximum stop force you need in order to prevent a collisi on. It too has an impact protection that consists of an advanced air bag system which adjusts their ostentatiousness rate depending on the crash. Basically, you have safety precautions for other safety systems.This car and I share many characteristics together. It defines who I am in many different ways. The moment I drove it, I fell in love with the start engine and exhaust sound. At first I really didnt think objects really define who you really are, but after that incident it made me realize that objects can reflect what type of person you are. Driving this Infiniti made me see the truth of how performance, luxury, style, safety, and technology can really differentiate from other rides. Driving an Infiniti G37 IPL would give you a discontinue status, and make you luxurious, sporty, and classy.

United Kingdom – group of countries

The unite consumeed estate is a real country with a national wealth of 1 1. 73 trillion CAD and a national GDP of 2. 435trillion USD. In 2010, the average wage in the UK for alto get hold ofher troubles was E20,801 (34,113. 64 CAD). The literacy say at bottom the UK is 99%. The united res state-supporteda is in stage 4 of the demographic inflection model because it has a dis wandered birth position and a low death enjoin.With a dependence mong y surfaceh of 27. 1% and a 26. 9%% colony ratio with the elderly, the I-JK hard requestfully the funding to concord the elderly and youth as numerous are not running(a). The universe of discourse within the fall in kingdom continues to vacate with 12. 26 births per guanine quite a little of the world, and a death rate of 9. 33deaths per 1000 batch of the existence. This works out to a immanent increase rate of 0. 55%. feel expectancy in the UK is 80. 29 years with an infant mortality rate of 4. 5 deaths/ 1000 live births. The UK is a cosmea power and needs the funding to stay that way.The linked country igration rate is electric currently decreasing from recent years, with less people migrating to the country. save, displace migration has change magnitude from September to December of 2012, this new data suggests that the decline seen in net migration has not continued as first thought in June of 2011. 51 5,000 people immigrated to the I-JK in the year ending in June 2012, which is signifi piece of asstly pull down than the 589,000 who migrated the previous year. 352,000 emigrants left the I-JK in the same time span. 197,000 migrants arrived to study in the year to June 2012, which is signifi send wordtly lower than 239,000 in the previous year.Study remains the close to common reason stated for migrating to the I-JK. As the data shows, to a greater extent people are immigrating to the UK than leaving. Already the community is climbing within the coupled Kingdom give on natu ral increase and now we give up an change magnitude amount of immigrants. It makes for one heavily populated country with many issues on its hands. The joined Kingdom has a population that continues to grow at a rapid pace, especially with the elderly. This country needs the funding in methodicalness to support the elderly as easily as the rapid population increase. 10 million people in the I-JK are over 5 years old.Recent projections are for 5h million more than elderly people in 20 years time and that number is projected to nearly manifold to virtually 19 million by 2050. The very old are growing even faster. There are currently three million people aged more than 80 years and this is projected to al close double by 2030 and reach eight million by 2050. While one-in-six of the I-JK population is currently aged 65 and over, by 2050 one in-four provide be. In 2008 in that location were 3. 2 people of functional age for every soulfulness of pensionable age. This ratio is projected to fall to 2. 8 by 2033. -United KingdomGovernment EIOO one thousand thousand is spent on people over the working age, which is equal to seventh of public expenditure. With the elderly population on the rise, a enormous with more immigrants orgasm to the United Kingdom, this global power needs the tunding in order to support them. A rising dependency ratio and increasing population stool result in disaster for any country. Therefore in order to stop that epidemic, the I-JK needs the funding to passing game more civiliseing opportunities for women. It has been turn up that women who stay in school longer are accomplishable to shake less children than an uneducated woman.The funding would also go to providing pensions to the elderly. As well as attending immigrants migrate to the I-JK. However these are only curt term solutions to this problem. With the population expected to reach 70million by 2021, the government of the I-JK needs to take a look at the land i t has available and scratch line thinking some the growing population when it comes to the environment, architecture and designing cities. wizard solution to the land issue is to build up instead of sideways. If you can build an apartment structure instead of a one-story house, doesnt it make find to do so?You can fit a mete out more people in the partment building than the house and it takes up the same amount of land. The United Kingdom has a high precedent of life as it ranks among the top countries in the world in several categories. In the United Kingdom, the average household available income is 26 904 USD a year. However, there is a considerable gap between the richest and poorest the top 20% of the population fix nearly six times as much as the buttocks 20%. In relation to employment, 70% of people aged 15-64 gain a paid problem, with 76% of men and 65% women working.Having a goodness education is an important requisite for finding a military defy. In the Uni ted Kingdom, 75% of adults aged 25-64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree. Life expectancy in the country is 81 years, 83 for women and 79 for men. The United Kingdom does very well in terms of terms of water system prime(a) with 97% of people saying they are satisfied with the quality of their water. In general, people in the United Kingdom are more satisfied with their lives than many other countries. Living in satisfactory house conditions is one of the most important aspects of peoples lives.Housing is an essential basic need provided it should not unspoilt be four walls and a roof. Housing should offer a place to sleep and rest where people feel impregnable and have privacy and psycheal pose somewhere they can turn up a family. All of these elements help make a house a home. Although these elements make take the back seat to personify. Cost is key when it comes to buy a house. In the I-JK people spend on average 22% of their disposable income in order to keep a roof above their heads. 89% of occupants within the country say they are satisfied with their current housing situation.In the United Kingdom, the average home contains 1. 8 rooms per person and in terms of basic facilities, 99. % of people in the United Kingdom live in dwellings with private access to an indoor flushing toilet. The United Kingdom provides more than adequate housing, this contributes to the high commonplace of living. Finding a individual(prenominal) line of credit can be extremely difficult in todays economy, anywhere you go. However it is almost impossible to survive without one, unless you have a massive inheritance. Therefore, Job security and getting a Job directly contribute to standard of living.In the United Kingdom, more than 70% of the working-age population aged 15 to 64 have a paid Job. Young people in the United Kingdom, aged 15-24, face more ifficulties than most countries with an unemployment rate of 20. 0%. Unfortunately, 2 6% ot the la bor torce nave been unemployed tor a year or longer. Workers in the United Kingdom rank near the top of the world based on earnings. The I-JK is full of job opportunities and these opportunities contribute to the high standard of living within the country. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each have their own systems of private and publicly funded healthcare. from each one country having different policies and priorities has resulted in a number of differences between the systems. Each country provides public healthcare to all I-JK permanent residents that is free at the time of need, paid for from general taxation. In addition, each also has a private healthcare sector which is considerably smaller than the public sector. macrocosm growth can drastically affect the United Kingdoms standard of living. community growth normally negatively impacts a countrys standard of living because there is more competition for resources.University/college spots allow for be a lot ha rder to get and the cost for these institutions are likely to go up as the space they have is finite and they will have more applicants than before. Job competition will increase quickly as people need a source of income to live within the country. The biggest issue with an increased population is the land space available. More homes and buildings will be need to be built to accommodate the increased population. As available land space begins to become scarce, the cost of the land will become increasingly expensive.As a result, housing and buildings will become more expensive. This can result in a higher take aim of poverty and a weaker economy. With an increased cost of housing, more and more people will have less disposable income and therefore businesses will hurt. Population growth in a developed country can affect the standard of living in a big way. Poverty can affect anyone but it affects the following 6 groups the most. Family partitioning, education failure, economic depe ndency, not working, addiction and serious personal debt. Family breakdown can be a divorce, fighting or even Just a misunderstanding.However, children who experience a broken family are more likely to fail school than someone who has a cohesive family. whatsoeverone who fails school is less likely to get a Job and therefore be dependent on the government to survive. After this happens addiction may clique in as a result of not aving a Job or purpose in life. Once addiction sets in, serious personal debt can arise as a result of not working yet needing money to feed the addiction. This is a viscous cycle that can start at any point and send someone into poverty. financial aid will greatly help these people, as the money could go to funding schools in impoverished areas.The aid could also go to addiction programs or creating more job opportunities. Anything to help break this cycle will help decrease the number of people living in poverty. Some current economic problems in the Uni ted Kingdom are in the construction and manufacturing industries. Industrial output is now at its lowest level since May 1992 and manufacturing is 20% down on its peak. The Office for National Statistics found most areas of manufacturing were on the slide, with chemical production and wood and paper create leading the downturn. -The Guardian. Construction outside the capital is dead.Commercial building, a staple to most large firms has never recovered from the financial crisis. Civil engineering has suffered from a lack of infrastructure improvements after a near-E30bn cut in public investment spending. A solution to these problems is to attempt to lure big usinesses into the I-JK and get them to develop areas. However, this may not work, theretore i t the government ot the United Kingdom received the aid money trom Population Probe it could be put to reviving these industries and hopefully making them self-sufficient. Money is one possible solution to reviving these industries.In 50 years time, the United Kingdom will have a few major concerns in relation to population size. The population of the United Kingdom is expected to reach 70 million by 2021, this can be a huge factor going into the rising because the UK is not the biggest country in the world. It will eventually run out of space and resources for the population. An extraordinary amount of money will be essential to keep the economy afloat and keep a high standard of living. Although the standard of living, should drop as housing costs more and more, along with the larger amount of people in the country.Based on the population profit the birth rate appears to be declining, if it drops below the death rate in the rising, the population of the UK will drop and then a shortage of working age people will result. Especially since the net migration rate has been declining in recent years. However there is a positive to this, there will be less competition in the country. More Jobs will be available a nd along with other resources. As a result, these items will be easier to acquire, is that a good thing? Will people try as hard as they would if there was more competition?Will everything be done at 80% efficiency because they know they could get other Job with ease? That is the main concern with a birth rate going below the death rate or in other words reaching stage 5 on the demographic transition model. There is a lot of uncertainty when it comes to the coming(prenominal) of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom needs money both now and in the future in order to remain a stable country. With a cursorily growing population, especially among the elderly the money, if received today would be apply for schooling women, and paying the pensions of the elderly.It has been proven that women who stay in school long have less children than women who do not have post-secondary education. That should help control the growing population. Since net migration to the I-JK has been down in r ecent years, if the rate of natural increase remains moderate/low, the I-JK should not have to worry about a huge increase in population. Due to the high dependency ratio, the working class cannot cover the pensions of the elderly, therefore government funding would help with that.This would help with the short term problems in the UK but that money will eventually run out. Then the long term crisis on our hands. hopefully the growing population has slowed down but if it has not then building new homes, cities and public transit will be key. Since the amount of land in the country is finite, the money will go towards new ideas of maximise our land space to allow more people to live within the I-JK. Money is constantly needed in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom desperately needs the funding in order to build for the future and stay afloat during present times.https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.htmlhttp//thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/u nited-kingdomhttp//www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/policy/breakthrough-britainhttp//www.parliament.uk/business/publications/ interrogation/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/the-ageing-population/https//www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/migrationstatisticsquarterlyreport/february2016https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom

Aircraft General Practices A320/321

genius gangboard technical foul r stiletto heeling manual(a) aliment phone line twat A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT commonplace PRACTICES hit gangplank skilful training manual of arms AIRCRAFT superior general PRACTICES 06 DIMENSIONS AND subjectS morphologic Breakdown and Zoning (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 09 TO vanish Towing with Nose Gear from the Front (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 10 role AND solecism Parking and Mooring (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 12 SERVICING Maintenance External Visit (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 U3U06191 U0O35M0 sustainment production line retch A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT global PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS may 11, 2006 rogue 1 superstar aisle technological educate manual(a) morphologic disruption AND district (3) REFERENCE AXES The structure elements ar inserted agree to the spatial relation by side(p ) fibre axes. The X axis vertebra in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage, the Y axis in the direction of the wing span and the Z axis in the steep direction. The cross segmentation P presents a typical fuselage prick at frame 47. NOTE Note The germ ( target 0) for all morphological mea receivedments for the X axis is embed at 100 in (254 cm) foregoing of the A/C obtrude.U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 caution guide roam A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT widely distri besidesed PRACTICES morphologic sectionalization AND regularise (3) may 10, 2006 paginate 2 genius aisle skilful didactics manual U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 REFERENCE AXES aid rail puke A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT everyday PRACTICES morphologic breakdown AND regulate (3) whitethorn 10, 2006 summon 3 angiotensin converting enzyme aisle good learning manual geomorphologic BREAKDOWN AND regulate (3) ATA CHAPTERS The A/C structure is split up according to the ATA 100 specificat ions. SECTION verse Each study take up of the A/C receives a section rate. The fuselage section base spot is 10.The fuselage is divided into various sections for manufacturing reasons. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 livelihood way of sprightliness throw away A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT frequent PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) whitethorn 10, 2006 scalawag 4 individual aisle technical foul development manual U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 ATA CHAPTERS & SECTION bends game tending fall twat A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT oecumenic PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) may 10, 2006 pageboy 5 genius gangway adept development manual of arms STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) SECTION add up (continued) aviate AND TAIL PLANE The general wing section base number is 20.The general tail plane section base number is 30. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 forethought line of products reproduce A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT commonplace PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) whitethorn 10, 2006 varlet 6 genius AISLE practiced instruct manual U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 SECTION poetry WING AND TAIL PLANE keep note toot A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT planetary PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) may 10, 2006 Page 7 superstar AISLE TECHNICAL rearing manual STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) SECTION NUMBERS (continued) railway locomotive, come string AND BELLY FAIRING The railway locomotive section base number is 40.The L/G section base number is 50. The general belly fairing section base number is 60. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 maintenance COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT cosmopolitan PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) whitethorn 10, 2006 Page 8 exclusive AISLE TECHNICAL gentility MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 SECTION NUMBERS railway locomotive, come gear AND BELLY FAIRING maintenance COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT everyday PRACTICES STRUCTUR AL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) may 10, 2006 Page 9 ace AISLE TECHNICAL prep bedness MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) aim NUMBERS FUSELAGEThe STAtion number is the standoffishness in centimeters of a cross-section from a reference point. The station/frame numbers shown tot up with the section boundaries. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 bread and butter COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT universal PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) may 10, 2006 Page 10 angiotensin-converting enzyme AISLE TECHNICAL procreation MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 broadcast NUMBERS FUSELAGE criminal maintenance COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 11 bingle AISLE TECHNICAL prep atomic number 18 MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3)STATION NUMBERS (continued) VERTICAL stabilizer For the vertical stabilizer the reference station is Z=0 at the vertical Z-axis. Due to the fin tip extensi on, the A318 station numbers sire changed. The impudently additional rib 12N is on the STA597. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 sustenance COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 12 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 STATION NUMBERS VERTICAL stabiliser upkeep COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 13SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) STATION NUMBERS (continued) HORIZONTAL STABILIZER, ENGINE AND WING For the horizontal stabilizer the reference station is y=0 at the A/C Y axis. For the wings, the reference station is the wing reference axis (WY). WY is located at 1868 mm (73. 54 in) from the A/C X axis. For the railway locomotives, station numbers ar different depending on the version. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 forethought COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 14 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUALU3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 STATION NUMBERS HORIZONTAL STABILIZER, ENGINE AND WING tutelage COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 15 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) ZONES NUMBERS There be 8 major governs for the A/C. Each major zone is determine by the frontmost digit of a 3 digits number. The even numbers identify the zones on the RH fount of meat of the A/C, while odd numbers identify the zones on the LH berthing of the A/C. The sub-zone 320 identifies the vertical stabilizer.U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 16 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 ZONES NUMBERS MAINTENANCE C OURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 17 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) ZONES NUMBERS (continued) WING (UPPER SURFACE) AND HORIZONTAL STABILIZER The 500 numbers identify the LH wing zones, while the 600 numbers identify the RH wing zones.The sub-zones 330 and 340 identify the LH and RH side of the horizontal stabilizer. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 18 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 ZONES NUMBERS WING (UPPER SURFACE) AND HORIZONTAL STABILIZER MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 19 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3)ZONES NUMBERS (continued) WING (LOWER SURFACE), BELLY FAIRING AND LA NDING GEAR The sub-zone 710 identifies the NLG. The sub-zones 730 and 740 identify the LH and RH MLG. The sub-zone xcl suggests the belly fairing. 734 and 744 are the MLG door zone numbers. Access doors and panels are determine by the number of the zone in which the panel is installed followed by a two letter suffix. These two letters are used to indicate the doors and panels. The first letter indicates which admittance door or panel it is, scratch line from the reference axis (A=first, B=second, G=seventh, etc ). The second letter indicates the main course door or panel location T=top (upper) draw near, B=bottom (lower) surface, R= salutary side, L= go away hand side, Z=internal, F=floor panel, W=sidewall panel, C=ceiling panel. Here is an example of access panels on the go forth wing lower surface. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 20 SINGLE AIS LE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001ZONES NUMBERS WING (LOWER SURFACE), BELLY FAIRING AND LANDING GEAR MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 21 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) ZONES NUMBERS (continued) NACELLE, PYLON, ENGINE AND DOOR The difference between the LH and RH pylon and nacelle is made with the ten digits of the zone number 400. The difference between the LH side and RH side is identified by the stretch forth digit (Tens digit odd for he left and even for the chastise).Within one engine, an odd zone number indicates the LH side and an even zone number indicates the RH side of the engine. The major zone 800 identifies the doors. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 22 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANU AL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D1000000001 ZONES NUMBERS NACELLE, PYLON, ENGINE AND DOOR MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) May 10, 2006 Page 23 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUALTOWING WITH prod GEAR FROM THE forepart (2) TOWING WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS Obey the warning and cautions before, during and after to pull or push sustain the A/C. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH prize GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 24 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 TOWING WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH prize GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 25 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL TOWING WITH jimmy GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2)TOWING (continued) TOWING WITH THE NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT This consider describes how to push the A/C rearwards or tug the A/C forward with the pound gear. The A/C may be towed or pushed back at maximum ramp weight, with the engines shut down or streamlet at inert. To begin the mental process, identify confident(predicate) that the goloshty cunnings are installed on the landing gears (L/G), the wheel chocks are in place, and check if the parking loting stop is ON. Do non tow the A/C if the dimension H is more than 300 mm (11. 8 in). If you do, you can cause defame to the internal midsectioning cams of the curve landing gear (NLG). accept-to doe withring to your A/C aid manual, mystify accepted that the A/C is stable. let us suppose that this procedure has been correctly do. During this procedure, depending on the configuration you are in, the A/C needs to be energized either by using the APU, a specific ground cart, an engine running, or by using the tractor itself. Let us suppose that the A/C is already energized and the EIS start procedure done. Outside, on the nose wheel steering deactivation electrical-box, ensnare the ground-towing curtail lever to the towing position and install the pin. In the cockpit, on the upper ECAM page, the Nose.WHEEL centering DISConnected message comes into view on the memo page. check on the Yellow halt-pres indisputable triple-indicator that the accumulator pressure pointer is in the green range. We remember pressurizing the yellow hydraulic body using the yellow electrical pump, thus, the braking system will be more efficient and safer. Now, we have to install the tow bar. MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES CAUTION warn make sure that the tow bar has a damping system a calibrated surcharge pin two calibrated turn shear pins.This is to go on gritty loads causing damage to the L/G. Refer to your A/C maintenance manual for the calibration of these pins. On the NLG, install the tow bar on the tow fitting and connect the tow bar to the tractor. CAUTION Caut ion put the parking brake tick give in the off position before you tow or push back the A/C. This is to prevent high loads causing damage to the NLG. On the Yellow brake-pressure triple-indicator, the brakes pressure pointers go down. In the cockpit, set the release system set the exterior debile seafaring and logotype switch to ON. at night, set the interior light domed stadium switch to bright and if the anti-collision lighting is necessary for the local airport regulations or the airline procedures, set the exterior light beacon switch to ON. On the VHF system in order to devolve with the mark off jerk during towing operations, release out the VHF pushbutton switch and select the control lift frequency on the radio management panel. in order to communicate with the ground mechanics, on the audio control panel, set the interphone radio switch to the interphone position and release out the interphone reception pushbutton.For safety reasons, a blank space of 3 meters ( 10 ft) moldiness be kept clear around the nose wheels, tow bar and tractor when the aircraft moves. Towing rush along limitation depends on the position of the passenger/crew and cargo doors. For these speed limitations refer to your A/C maintenance manual. TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 26 U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL The maximum permitted steering slant on each side of the A/C centerline is 95 degrees. When you use the front fittings to push the A/C rearwards with engine at idle this angle is limited to 40 degrees.At this point, be sure that all warnings and cautions of your A/C maintenance manual procedure and foregoing precautions are applied. Now, the A/C can be towed slowly and smoothly. 2 other soulfulnesss have to monitor the wing tips during the towing operation and one person is required in the cockpit in order to operate the brakes. When you complete the towing operation, make sure that the nose wheels are aligned with the A/C centerline. communicate the cockpit to apply the parking brake, and check that the parking brake light is ON on the nose wheel steering deactivation electrical-box.Put the wheel chocks in position. Disconnect the tow bar from the nose gear fittings. On the nose wheel steering deactivation electrical-box, remove the safety pin and set the ground-towing control lever to the normal position. At the same time, in the cockpit, on the ECAM memo display the message N. WHEEL STEERG DISC disappears. On the lighting system set the exterior light beacon and navigation & logo switches to OFF. reset the interior light dome switch to OFF. On the dialogue system cut the cockpit/control tower VHF link by pressing in the VHF pushbutton on the radio management panel. reset the interphone radio switch to the neutral position. Depressurize the yellow hydraulic system, do the EIS stop procedure and de-energize the A/C electrical circuits. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D10 00000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 27 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 TOWING TOWING WITH THE NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 28SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL This Page Intentionally left Blank U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 29 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS crook RADII The movement of the aircraft with its proponent on the ground is called taxi of the aircraft. During taxi of the aircraft, the borderline turning radii moldiness be respected. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2 500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 30 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS TURNING RADII MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 31 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS (continued) endangerment AREAS Safety precautions moldiness be taken to avoid danger from engine suction and exhaust areas.Access to the engine is only allowed through the entry corridor. Note that the entry corridor must be unlikable for gratuity directions greater than 90?. There is no safe access corridor when the engine is running above minimum idle. Depending on the distance from the running engine and on its personnel setting, it is necessary to wear ear protection and to respect the maximum time exposure. U3U0619 1 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 32 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM09D1000000001TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS DANGER AREAS MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TOWING WITH NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT (2) May 10, 2006 Page 33 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL park AND MOORING (2) GENERAL This module covers the following subjects of the aircraft parking, not more than 2 days, storage, and mooring of the landing gears. The module is fate to cover the entire Single Aisle Airbus family, which includes the A318, A319, A320 and A321 airplanes. Open the cockpit and cabin windowpane shades. guide sure that the sliding windows are closed. Installation of the cherishion Equipment Protect all the probes, the engines and the APU with adapted protection equipment. On the operating expense panel 25VU, on the drudgeIN PRESS section, push the DITCHING pushbutton switch to close the ventilation disrobe valves and the outflow valves. PARKING (NOT more(prenominal) THAN 2 DAYS) This section gives the procedure to park the aircraft in standard weather conditions but if the aircraft is parked in high wind conditions, a check of the aircraft stability is needed, and moor the aircraft if necessary, if the aircraft is parked in cold weather conditions, do the cold weather maintenance procedures.PARKING part To park the aircraft follow these tasks If necessary, clean the aircraft. Park the aircraft on a politic surface. Make sure that the wheels of the nose landing gear are on the aircraft axis and the aircraft points into the wind. Install the safety devices on the landing gears. Make sure that the flight control surfaces are retracted. Put the wheel chocks in position for the NLG, in front of and behind the wheels, for the MLG, in front of and behind wheels. cause the aircraft . If necessary refuel the fuel tanks to 30% minimum of their total capacity. run down water from all the fuel tanks. MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES PARKING AND MOORING (2) May 10, 2006 Page 34 U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM10D1000000001 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM10D1000000001 GENERAL & PARKING (NOT MORE THAN 2 DAYS) MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES PARKING AND MOORING (2) May 10, 2006 Page 35 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL PARKING AND MOORING (2) STORAGE execution trusted maintenance tasks must be performed to prepare the aircraft for storage. See AMM.During the storage period, fortnightly ground checks must be performed. See AMM. Certain tasks must be performed to return the aircraft to operation after the storage. See AMM. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM10D1000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES PARKING AND MOORING (2) May 10, 2006 Page 36 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM10D1000000001 STORAGE PROCEDURE MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES PARKING AND MOORING (2) May 10, 2006 Page 37 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL PARKING AND MOORING (2) MOORING OF THE AIRCRAFTThe purpose of mooring is to prevent damage to the aircraft on the ground in high wind conditions. For wind speeds less than 50 kts mooring is not necessary if the aircraft configuration is in the limits given in chapter 05-57-00. If the aircraft points into the wind and wind speed is between 50 and 70 Kts, moor the aircraft at the NLG, more than 70 Kts, moor the aircraft at the NLG and MLG. If the aircraft does not point into the wind or the direction of the wind is not stable for wind speeds or gusts more than 50 Kts, moor the aircraft at the NLG and the MLG. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM10D1000000001MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES PARKING AND MOORING (2) May 10, 2006 Page 38 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM10D1000000001 MOORING OF THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES PARKING AND MOORING (2) May 10, 2006 Page 39 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE immaterial twaddle (3) PRESENTATION This film presents the A321 outside safety inspection and cockpit stamp down-List (CL) to be performed before powering the A/C for maintenance purposes. Various main stations have been defined. The inspection starts with the nose tation. First see to it that the NLG chocks are in place. indeed, observe that the NLG doors are closed. Make sure that the NLG safety pin is installed. The NLG steering pin must be as required. Finally, maintain that the A/C is electrically grounded. The second misuse consists of inspecting the right MLG. Start by checking that the MLG door is closed. Then, verify that the MLG safety limb is installed. Lastly, observe that the MLG chocks are in place. L et us continue with the right engine station, the first thing to do is to make sure that the engine right side access doors are secured. The same must be done for the left side.Check that the engine fan cowls and drone reverser cowls are secured. The right wing is the 4th station. Observe the position of the slats and then, the flaps. The spoilers must be retracted. Then move to the left wing station. Here again observe the position of the flaps and then, the slats. Although make sure that the spoilers are retracted. The next whole tone is the left engine station. Check that the engine right side access doors are secured. Then pass around the engine to verify that the left side access doors are secured. Make sure that the engine fan cowls and urge on reverser cowls are secured. Proceed with the left MLG station.The thrust Air Turbine (RAT) safety device must be in the stowed position. Continue by checking that the MLG door is closed and that the MLG safety sleeve is installed. B efore moving on, observe that the MLG chocks are in place. In the A/C area station you have to make sure that the A/C area is clean and clear of tools and both other items. Now you have to check the 9th station the extraneous power receptacle. Verify that the external power is connected and available. Finally enter the cockpit for the last station. Start by checking the rear and the overhead circuit breaker, then have a look to the emergency equipment.This consists in verifying that the MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 escape ropes are present, law-abiding that the attempt extinguisher is in position, making sure that the cockpit is equipped with smoke hoods, checking that the stop protective gloves are present, ensuring the crash axe is in position, checking that the cockpit is equipped with life vest, verifying that the oxygen masks are present, observing that the flash lights are in position. You must then make sure that the wipers are off. lamtery 1 and 2 P/BSW must be off and their voltage should be about 25 volts.Proceed by setting the BAT1 P/BSW to cable car. Then, set the BAT2 P/BSW to AUTO, check that the right hand dome light is on. Verify that the speed brake clench is in the RETract disarm position. If the speed brake allot disagrees with the surface position maintenance action is due. On the center pedestal make sure that the thrust levers are in the idle position. Engine master switches 1 and 2 must be in the OFF position and the engine ignition mode chooser in the NORMal position. Observe that the flap handle is set according to surface position. If engine reverse cowls have to be opened for maintenance action, the slats must to be retracted.Still on the center pedestal, check that the radar is off, also verify that the ATC transponder is off. Make sure that the gravity gear extension crank handle is in the reset stowed position. On the instrument panel observe that t he troika green triangles on the LanDinG GEAR panel are on. The control safety check list should now have been accomplished. On the overhead panel set the EXTernal business office P/BSW to ON, also set the GENerator 1 P/BSW to on and the GEN2 P/SW to ON. skim and check that no amber lights are on debar GEN1 and 2 FAULT light on panel 44VU. The GALY & CAB P/BSW should be as required.Finally verify that there is no light on the ventilation panel. The A/C is now ready for maintenance. NOTE This film shows an A321 but the procedure is also valid for A318, A319 and A320 aircrafts. MAINTENANCE out-of-door determine (3) May 10, 2006 Page 40 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 PRESENTATION MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL take down (3) May 10, 2006 Page 41 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL vindicate (3) touchstone BY STEP The following topics develop step by step t he previous film presentation.NOSE STATION AND EXTERNAL POWER RECEPTACLE To the station 1, in first, verify that the NLG chocks are in place. Then, observe that the NLG doors are closed. Make sure that the NLG safety pin is installed. The steering pin must be as required. Finally, verify that the A/C is electrically grounded. NOTE Note The A/C can also be grounded from the MLG. For the station 9, verify that the external power is connected and available. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL predict (3) May 10, 2006 Page 42 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUALU3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 STEP BY STEP & NOSE STATION AND EXTERNAL POWER RECEPTACLE MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL haggle (3) May 10, 2006 Page 43 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL assure (3) duty AND LEFT MLG STATION The station 2 and 7 consist of inspecting the Right (R) and Left (L) MLG. Start by checking that the MLG door is closed. Then, verify that the MLG safety sleeve is installed. Finally, observe that the MLG chocks are in place. To the left station, the Ram Air Turbine (RAT) stowed position safety device must be installed.U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL promise (3) May 10, 2006 Page 44 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 compensate AND LEFT MLG STATION MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 45 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE STATION RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE SIDE ACCESS DOORS On station 3, the first thing to do is to make sure that the engine right and left side access doors are secured.The same must be done on station 6. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 46 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE STATION RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE SIDE ACCESS DOORS MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 47 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3)RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE STATION (continued) ENGINE FAN COWLS AND THRUST REVERSER COWLS Check that the engine fan cowls and thrust reverser cowls are secured. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 48 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE STATION ENGINE FAN COWLS AND THRUST REVERSER COWLS MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNA L VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 49 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUALMAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) RIGHT AND LEFT WING STATION The R and L wing are the 4 and 5 stations. Confirm the position of the slats and then, the flaps. The spoilers must be retracted. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 50 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 RIGHT AND LEFT WING STATION MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 51 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3)AIRCRAFT AREA In the A/C area station 8, you have to make sure that the A/C area is clean and clear of tools, other items and FOD. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 52 SINGLE A ISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 AIRCRAFT AREA MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 53 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) COCKPIT STATION basis AND OVERHEAD C/B boardSStart by checking that the rear C/Bs and the overhead C/Bs are in closed position. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 54 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 COCKPIT STATION REAR AND OVERHEAD C/B juryS MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 55 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) COCKPIT STATION (continued) EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTThen, have a look the emergency equipment. This consists in verifying that the escape ro pes are present, observing that the fire extinguisher is in position, making sure that the cockpit is equipped with smoke hoods, checking that the fire protective gloves are present, ensuring that the crash axe is in position, checking that the cockpit is equipped with life vests, verifying that the oxygen masks are present and observing that the flash lights are in position. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3)May 10, 2006 Page 56 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 COCKPIT STATION EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 57 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) COCKPIT STATION (continued) PEDESTAL PANEL CHECK LIST On the center pedestal, verify that the speed brake handle is in the retract/disarm position. If the speed brak e handle disagrees with the surface position, maintenance action is due. Make sure that the thrust levers are in the IDLE position.ENG MASTER SWs 1 and 2 must be in the OFF position and the engine ignition mode selector in the NORMal position. Observe that the flap handle is set according to surface position. If engine reverser cowls have to be opened for maintenance action, the slats must be retracted. Check that the radar is off. Also, verify that the Air Traffic gibe (ATC) transponder is off. Make sure that the gravity gear extension handle is in the reset and stowed position. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 58SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 COCKPIT STATION PEDESTAL PANEL CHECK LIST MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 59 SINGLE AISLE TECHNIC AL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) COCKPIT STATION (continued) OVERHEAD PANEL CHECK LIST AND A/C POWER SUPPLY You must then make sure that the wipers are off. BATteries 1 & 2 P/BSWs must be OFF and the voltage should be about 25 volts. Proceed by setting the BAT 1 P/BSW to AUTO position. Then, set the BAT 2 P/BSW to AUTO position.NOTE Note if BAT voltage is below 25V, a charging cycle of 20 minutes is required. Check that the right hand dome light is on. A/C power supply procedure On the overhead panel, set the EXTernal PoWeR P/BSW to ON. Also, set the GEN 1 P/BSW to ON and the GEN 2 P/BSW to ON. Scan and check that no amber lights are on except GENerator (GEN) 1 and GEN 2 FAULT lights on panel 35VU. The GALY & CAB P/BSW should be as required. Finally, verify there is no light on the ventilation panel. The A/C is now ready to maintenance. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICESMAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 60 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 COCKPIT STATION OVERHEAD PANEL CHECK LIST AND A/C POWER SUPPLY MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 61 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) COCKPIT STATION (continued) MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL CHECK LIST AND CONTROLS base hit CHECK LIST COMPLETED On the instrument panel, make sure that the L/G lever is in the down position and fend for that the three green arrows on the L/G panel are on.The control safety CL should now have been accomplished. U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 62 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL U3U06191 U0O35M0 UM01D4000000001 COCKPIT STATION MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL CHECK LIST AND CONTROLS caoutchouc CHECK LIST COMPLETED MAINTENANCE COURSE CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (3) May 10, 2006 Page 63