Business Management And Change

Topic 1: Business Management And Change

Management Theories

Classical/scientific approaches

Approach         Specialised efficiency-oriented systems of management

Timing         From the wring of the century, well into the 1930s. A legacy of the Industrial Revolution and the complaisant structure of the times: a potentially large hands of relatively uneducated, disempowered people.

Management principles         Hierarchical systems based on principles of specialisation, centralisation and formality.

Specialised tasks live in specialised departments, with responsibility formally designated.

Span of interpret is peg and a unitary line of command is in place.

Relevance          capacious benefits from a consumer viewpoint, with the availability of a wide range of consumer goods.

Problems centred on the de manising, autocratic nature of the efficiency-driven system and the assumption that the needs of workers matched those of management.

Behavioural/ human approaches

Approach         Changed approach to the way the work situation was seen. Managers dealt with people aspects of their organisation. The root played a more significant role.

Timing         Became important side by side(p) the 1922 to 1937 Hawthorne studies of the Western Electric Company and the Great Depression of the time.

Continued to the 1970s.

Management principles          accessory leadership.

Managerial focus on group support and wide spans of control in a flat organisational structure, consisting of a hierarchy of date groups.

Relevance         The conflict of interest between management and workers was recognised.

Practices appeared to work as prosperity continued into the 1970s, with growing domestic markets and high family incomes in Western economies.

Behavioural management practices were overwhelmed by the application of systems models of management.

Systems/ contingency approaches

Approach         Systems follow by management need to be contingent on the stability, or lack of it, in the organisations particular environment.

Timing         Systems theory, concepts and language were in place in the 1960s and dominated management persuasion in the 1970s.

The rapidly changing, competitive world economy...

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